Upon ignorance at initial stage, may lead to inflammation of tissue around the teeth, tooth loss and abscesses formation. If not removed regularly, the biofilm undergoes maturation, and the resulting pathogenic bacterial complex can lead to dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. The importance of sugars as a cause of caries is underemphasized and not prominent in preventive strategies. To assess the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and practices among visually impaired individuals in chennai, tamil nadu. Dental health status and risk factors for dental caries in adults in istanbul, turkey. Griffin so, jones ja, brunson d, griffin pm, bailey wd. Dental caries is a biofilmmediated, sugardriven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard. Pdf dental caries is a biofilmmediated, sugardriven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results.
Prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and. We used crosssectional data representing k12 schoolchildren in north carolina nc public. The incidence of dental caries by culture and education level of the head of household in the united states for children and adolescents is shown in table 2. Some studies build on the considerable advances already made in caries prevention, e. Journal articles publications division of oral health. Dental caries management in children and adults national. In the minds of the lay person, and surprisingly even within dentistry, dental caries is often thought of as holes in the teeth rather than an entire disease process. The world health organization has adopted this index in oral health assessment form for conducting national oral health surveys. Dental caries, a chronic disease is unique among human and is one of the most common important global oral health problems in the world today. Dental hygienists knowledge, attitudes and practice.
Dental caries and tooth loss in adults in the united states, 20112012. The nature of the biofilm enhances the component bacterias resistance to both the hosts defense system and antimicrobials. Introduction dental caries is an infectious microbiologic disease of theteeth that results in sectorial dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissue. American academy of pediatric dentistry 211 east chicago avenue, suite 1700 y chicago, illinois 606112637 y 3123372169 y fax. A supplement on stannous fluoride, supported by colgatepalmolive company, is. Dental caries is the technical term used by healthcare and dental professionals to describe the disease more commonly known as tooth decay. A reprint collection of key opioid articles from the journal of the american dental association is now available here publication supported by pacira pharmaceuticals, inc whole mouth health. Dental caries incidence is affected by host factors that may be related to the structure of dental enamel, immunologic response to cariogenic bacteria, or the composition of saliva. Asian journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, 653, 2016, 0107. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol having the properties that reduce levels of mutans streptococci ms in the plaque and saliva.
Mechanical removal of dental caries, resection of tooth structure, and restoration of the tooth is a common treatment for this disease. Conventional diagnostic aids in dental caries journal of. From our perspective, dental caries continues to be one of the most common chronic. In modern times, it hasreached epidemic proportions.
Dental caries can be defined as the localized destruction of the tissues of the tooth by bacterial action. Caries research publishes epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies in dental caries and related dental diseases. Bioactive polyphenol components of cranberry vaccinium macrocarpon are known to have virulence attenuating effects against several cariogenic virulence properties responsible for dental caries pathogenesis. Dental caries is one of the mostcommon diseases in humans. Asian journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, 2016. Caries is gradually being regarded and recognised as a disease in the oral cavity involving net demineralisation of the dental hard tissues that. The american dental association caries classification system jada. Immunology of dental caries biomedical and pharmacology. Dental caries is the scientific term for tooth decay or. In eastern europe and central asia dental caries levels are high and with health systems in transition. Dental caries disturbed balance of the risk factors milena peneva department of pediatric dentistry faculty in dental medicine, medical university, sofia, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2007, vol. For several decades, dental researchers have followed the decayed, missing and filled dmf index developed by klein, palmer, and knutson in 1938 for assessing dental caries. The mouth is colonized by variety of microorganisms from birth and most of them are commensals, they become pathogenic, when the host responses are altered.
It is one of the most widespread diseases in the civilized populations with a prevalence of 40% at the age of seven years and 85% in seventeen yearold boys. Early childhood caries ecc children who are frequently exposed to sugary liquidssuch as milk, breast milk, formula, fruit juice, and other sweet liquidsfor long periods of time run. Dental problems in primary care american family physician. The disease and its clinical management has become the leading resource on cariology.
This journal is a member of the committee on publication ethics cope. Four schools were randomly selected for conducting the study. Salivary characteristics were associated weakly with previous dental caries experience, but the authors did not find consistent trends among the three age groups. These health disparities appear to be greatest in minorities and in. Asian journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences 2016 volume 6, issue 53. Ecc leads not only to dental destruction and pain with children, but also affects the quality of life. Ecc is driven by a dysbiotic state of oral microorganisms mainly caused by a sugarrich diet. An outline of the development of various fluoride preparations during this period of time is presented and the results of clinical trials into the cariesinhibitory properties. Dental caries is a pathologic process depending on several etiologic factors, which cause the destruction of the dental tissues and produces local and general complications. Dental health status and risk factors for dental caries in adults in. Dental caries, a chronic disease is unique among human and is one of. As was mentioned in chapter 1, there have been a number of theories concerning the aetiology of dental caries, of which the acidogenic theory has been the most generally accepted.
Discussion paper dental caries management in children and adults rebecca l. Caries initially appears as opaque white spots on the surface of the tooth enamel. Dental caries is a wellknown public health problem in mexico and worldwide. Topical fluorides have been used in dental practice for over 30 years. Child dental caries a global problem of inequality. Editorial prevention of dental caries through the use of. Despite improvements in the prevalence of dental caries, disparities are still observed globally and in the u. The history of understanding of any disease or condition in humans has passed through two distinct eras. Saliva and dental caries new jersey medical school. Disease that causes tooth decay, is known as dental caries it is infectious, and the mutans. Pdf dental caries, a chronic disease is unique among human and is one. Since there is a positive correlation between ca vi concentration and salivary flow rate, and a negative correlation with the dmft index, recent adv dent res 14. Autofluorescence guided surveillance for oral cancer american association for cancer research oral cancer knowledge, attitudes and practices the journal of the american dental association value of visual screenings study world health organization managing mucositis elsevier publishing directtoconsumer advertising for oral cancer screening devices. Prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge.
This study examined whether community water fluoridation cwf reduced dental caries disparities in permanent teeth of 10 to 19yearold schoolchildren in north carolina. A crosssectional study was conducted among 404 visually impaired individuals in chennai city, tamil nadu. It is also the most prevalent condition included in the 2015 global burden of disease study, ranking first for decay of permanent teeth 2. In particular, cranberry atype proanthocyanidins and flavonols have demonstrated potent inhibitory effects against cariogenic virulence targets such as bacterial. This is despite overwhelming evidence of its unique role in causing a worldwide caries e. Different salivary characteristics were associated with an increased caries experience in older adults and a lowered caries experience in children and adolescents and adults. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease involving. Additionally, poor oral hygiene or insufficient dental plaque removal leads to the rapid progression of ecc. Early childhood caries ecc is the term used to describe dental caries in children aged 71 months and below. Pdf dental caries, a chronic disease is unique among human and is one of the most common important global oral health problems in the world today. Dental caries are the tooth decay or cavities due to breakdown of teeth as a result of bacterial activity. To assess the role of xylitol in preventing dental caries. Journal of dental and oral health j dent oral health. Dental caries is a process which occurs on any tooth surface in the oral cavity where dental plaque is allowed to develop over a period of time.
Effects of community water fluoridation on dental caries. Early childhood caries ecc is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors among dental hygienists regarding caries risk assessment cra and management. During the 19881994 baseline period, 52% of children aged 68 y and 61% of adolescents had dental caries. The colour of the infected teeth varies from yellow to black. Dental caries in the second millennium journal of dental. Inherited risks for susceptibility to dental caries. In this highly anticipated new edition, the editors maintain the same focus on highlevel coverage of the disease etiology and process, clinical management bestpractice, and wider public health issues connected with dental caries management, including. However, it has been known for over 100 years that dental decay is caused by bacteria fermenting foods, producing acids and. The canadian dental association cda is the national voice for dentistry dedicated to. Dental caries is a major public health problem globally and is the most widespread noncommunicable disease ncd.
Lifelong control of disease processes associated with dental caries should be an essential part of the process of care for practicing dental hygienists. Rootsurface caries is becoming a problem in the elderly due to gingival recession exposing the vulnerable cementum to microbial colonization. Burden of oral disease among older adults and implications for public health priorities. Department of oral radiology, royal dental college, university of aarhus, denmark. The pharmacologic management of dental caries is primarily through the topical application to teeth of agents to control supragingival formation and accumulation of dental biofilms i. Journal of innovations in pharmaceuticals and biological sciences. In this study, caries was prevalent in our patients, and age, family size, dental pain, and oral hygiene were variables related to this disease.
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